Anxiety Pathophysiology | Causes

Pathophysiology

Pathophysiology of anxiety is unclear and may result from imbalances in neurotransmitters. It may be due to excess of norepinephrine or deficiency of inhibitory subtances such as gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA).

Serotonin also plays a role in anxiety but the mechanism is unclear.

Causes of Anxiety

Medical - respiratory, endocrine, cardiovascular, metabolic, neurologic

Drug-induced    - Stimulants (amphetamines, cocaine, caffeine)

                        - Sympathomimetics (ephedrine, epinephrine, pseudoephedrine)

                        - ANticholinergics / Antihistaminergics (trihexyphenidyl, benztropine, diphenhydramine)

                        - Dopaminergics (bromocriptine, L-Dopa)

Drugs Withdrawal - Benzodiazepines, narcotics, barbiturates, other sedatives, alcohol

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